Analysis for clicks

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	16
Number of observations	2988181
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	364.8 MiB
Average record size in memory	128.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	13
Categorical	3

Alerts

`publisher_id` has constant value "0"	Constant
`article_id` is highly overall correlated with `category_id`	High correlation
`category_id` is highly overall correlated with `article_id`	High correlation
`click_timestamp` is highly overall correlated with `created_at_ts` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`created_at_ts` is highly overall correlated with `click_timestamp` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`session_id` is highly overall correlated with `click_timestamp` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`session_start` is highly overall correlated with `click_timestamp` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`click_environment` is highly imbalanced (87.9%)	Imbalance
`click_deviceGroup` is highly imbalanced (50.5%)	Imbalance

Reproduction

Analysis started	2024-05-20 19:07:56.854041
Analysis finished	2024-05-20 19:17:00.296129
Duration	9 minutes and 3.44 seconds
Software version	ydata-profiling v4.8.3
Download configuration	config.json

user_id
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	322897
Distinct (%)	10.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	107947.83

Minimum	0
Maximum	322896
Zeros	8
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	6370
Q1	40341
median	86229
Q3	163261
95-th percentile	274162
Maximum	322896
Range	322896
Interquartile range (IQR)	122920

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	83648.361
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.77489621
Kurtosis	-0.46866505
Mean	107947.83
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	57248
Skewness	0.72311891
Sum	3.2256764 × 10¹¹
Variance	6.9970484 × 10⁹
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5890	1232	< 0.1%
73574	939	< 0.1%
15867	900	< 0.1%
80350	783	< 0.1%
15275	746	< 0.1%
2151	722	< 0.1%
4568	529	< 0.1%
12897	513	< 0.1%
11521	502	< 0.1%
34541	501	< 0.1%
Other values (322887)	2980814	99.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	8	< 0.1%
1	12	< 0.1%
2	4	< 0.1%
3	17	< 0.1%
4	7	< 0.1%
5	87	< 0.1%
6	35	< 0.1%
7	22	< 0.1%
8	56	< 0.1%
9	4	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
322896	2	< 0.1%
322895	2	< 0.1%
322894	2	< 0.1%
322893	2	< 0.1%
322892	2	< 0.1%
322891	2	< 0.1%
322890	2	< 0.1%
322889	2	< 0.1%
322888	2	< 0.1%
322887	3	< 0.1%

session_id
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1048594
Distinct (%)	35.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.5074722 × 10¹⁵

Minimum	1.5068254 × 10¹⁵
Maximum	1.5082114 × 10¹⁵
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.5068254 × 10¹⁵
5-th percentile	1.5069418 × 10¹⁵
Q1	1.5071242 × 10¹⁵
median	1.5074933 × 10¹⁵
Q3	1.5077494 × 10¹⁵
95-th percentile	1.5081532 × 10¹⁵
Maximum	1.5082114 × 10¹⁵
Range	1.3859559 × 10¹²
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.2526185 × 10¹¹

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.8552446 × 10¹¹
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.00025574233
Kurtosis	-1.1113892
Mean	1.5074722 × 10¹⁵
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.3299497 × 10¹¹
Skewness	0.18075988
Sum	3.5943168 × 10¹⁸
Variance	1.4862911 × 10²³
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.507563658 × 10¹⁵	124	< 0.1%
1.507896573 × 10¹⁵	107	< 0.1%
1.507133568 × 10¹⁵	106	< 0.1%
1.507309773 × 10¹⁵	98	< 0.1%
1.508112331 × 10¹⁵	94	< 0.1%
1.507647366 × 10¹⁵	92	< 0.1%
1.507475404 × 10¹⁵	86	< 0.1%
1.506959499 × 10¹⁵	82	< 0.1%
1.508154737 × 10¹⁵	79	< 0.1%
1.506999909 × 10¹⁵	75	< 0.1%
Other values (1048584)	2987238	> 99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.506825423 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825426 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825435 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825443 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825528 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825541 × 10¹⁵	3	< 0.1%
1.506825553 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825568 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.506825573 × 10¹⁵	3	< 0.1%
1.506825599 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.508211379 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211376 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211372 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211369 × 10¹⁵	7	< 0.1%
1.508211367 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211353 × 10¹⁵	4	< 0.1%
1.508211348 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211326 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%
1.508211326 × 10¹⁵	4	< 0.1%
1.508211324 × 10¹⁵	2	< 0.1%

session_start
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	646874
Distinct (%)	21.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.5074722 × 10¹²

Minimum	1.5068254 × 10¹²
Maximum	1.5082114 × 10¹²
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.5068254 × 10¹²
5-th percentile	1.5069418 × 10¹²
Q1	1.5071242 × 10¹²
median	1.5074933 × 10¹²
Q3	1.5077494 × 10¹²
95-th percentile	1.5081532 × 10¹²
Maximum	1.5082114 × 10¹²
Range	1.385956 × 10⁹
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.25262 × 10⁸

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.8552446 × 10⁸
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.00025574233
Kurtosis	-1.1113892
Mean	1.5074722 × 10¹²
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.32995 × 10⁸
Skewness	0.18075988
Sum	4.5045999 × 10¹⁸
Variance	1.4862911 × 10¹⁷
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.507563657 × 10¹²	127	< 0.1%
1.507896573 × 10¹²	112	< 0.1%
1.507133567 × 10¹²	108	< 0.1%
1.507309773 × 10¹²	98	< 0.1%
1.507647366 × 10¹²	97	< 0.1%
1.508112331 × 10¹²	96	< 0.1%
1.506959499 × 10¹²	87	< 0.1%
1.507651543 × 10¹²	87	< 0.1%
1.507475403 × 10¹²	86	< 0.1%
1.508154737 × 10¹²	85	< 0.1%
Other values (646864)	2987198	> 99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.506825423 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.506825426 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.506825435 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.506825442 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.506825528 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.506825541 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.506825553 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.506825568 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.506825573 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.506825599 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.508211379 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.508211376 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.508211372 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.508211369 × 10¹²	7	< 0.1%
1.508211367 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.508211353 × 10¹²	4	< 0.1%
1.508211348 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.508211326 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
1.508211325 × 10¹²	4	< 0.1%
1.508211324 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%

session_size
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	72
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.9018851

Minimum	2
Maximum	124
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	2
Q1	2
median	3
Q3	4
95-th percentile	9
Maximum	124
Range	122
Interquartile range (IQR)	2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.9299415
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.0071905
Kurtosis	158.46089
Mean	3.9018851
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	9.0900749
Sum	11659539
Variance	15.44444
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1260372	42.2%
3	670185	22.4%
4	374240	12.5%
5	220105	7.4%
6	135762	4.5%
7	88354	3.0%
8	58544	2.0%
9	40878	1.4%
10	29530	1.0%
11	21714	0.7%
Other values (62)	88497	3.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1260372	42.2%
3	670185	22.4%
4	374240	12.5%
5	220105	7.4%
6	135762	4.5%
7	88354	3.0%
8	58544	2.0%
9	40878	1.4%
10	29530	1.0%
11	21714	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
124	124	< 0.1%
107	107	< 0.1%
106	106	< 0.1%
98	98	< 0.1%
94	94	< 0.1%
92	92	< 0.1%
86	86	< 0.1%
82	82	< 0.1%
79	79	< 0.1%
75	75	< 0.1%

click_timestamp
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2983198
Distinct (%)	99.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.5074743 × 10¹²

Minimum	1.5068268 × 10¹²
Maximum	1.5106035 × 10¹²
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.5068268 × 10¹²
5-th percentile	1.5069432 × 10¹²
Q1	1.5071269 × 10¹²
median	1.5074949 × 10¹²
Q3	1.507751 × 10¹²
95-th percentile	1.5081552 × 10¹²
Maximum	1.5106035 × 10¹²
Range	3.7766549 × 10⁹
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.2415175 × 10⁸

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.8585096 × 10⁸
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.00025595857
Kurtosis	-1.0926869
Mean	1.5074743 × 10¹²
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.3326927 × 10⁸
Skewness	0.18427149
Sum	4.504606 × 10¹⁸
Variance	1.4888096 × 10¹⁷
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.507554094 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.507984106 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.507905589 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.506975362 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.507052449 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.508164975 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.50696101 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.507320444 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.506956077 × 10¹²	3	< 0.1%
1.507550142 × 10¹²	2	< 0.1%
Other values (2983188)	2988152	> 99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.5068268 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.506826802 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.506826804 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.506826814 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.506826819 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.506826823 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.506826828 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.50682683 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.506826831 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.506826832 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.510603455 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.510603425 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.510093913 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.510093883 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509798423 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509798393 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509736674 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509709959 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.50956166 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509561584 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%

click_environment
Categorical

IMBALANCE

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

4	2904478
2	79743
1	3960

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	2988181
Distinct characters	3
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	4
2nd row	4
3rd row	4
4th row	4
5th row	4

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	2904478	97.2%
2	79743	2.7%
1	3960	0.1%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	2904478	97.2%
2	79743	2.7%
1	3960	0.1%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	2904478	97.2%
2	79743	2.7%
1	3960	0.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(unknown)	2988181	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

(unknown)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	2904478	97.2%
2	79743	2.7%
1	3960	0.1%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(unknown)	2988181	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

(unknown)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	2904478	97.2%
2	79743	2.7%
1	3960	0.1%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(unknown)	2988181	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

(unknown)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	2904478	97.2%
2	79743	2.7%
1	3960	0.1%

click_deviceGroup
Categorical

IMBALANCE

Distinct	5
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

1	1823162
3	1047086
4	117640
5	283
2	10

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	2988181
Distinct characters	5
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	1
2nd row	1
3rd row	1
4th row	1
5th row	1

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1823162	61.0%
3	1047086	35.0%
4	117640	3.9%
5	283	< 0.1%
2	10	< 0.1%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1823162	61.0%
3	1047086	35.0%
4	117640	3.9%
5	283	< 0.1%
2	10	< 0.1%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1823162	61.0%
3	1047086	35.0%
4	117640	3.9%
5	283	< 0.1%
2	10	< 0.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(unknown)	2988181	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

(unknown)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1823162	61.0%
3	1047086	35.0%
4	117640	3.9%
5	283	< 0.1%
2	10	< 0.1%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(unknown)	2988181	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

(unknown)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1823162	61.0%
3	1047086	35.0%
4	117640	3.9%
5	283	< 0.1%
2	10	< 0.1%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(unknown)	2988181	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

(unknown)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1823162	61.0%
3	1047086	35.0%
4	117640	3.9%
5	283	< 0.1%
2	10	< 0.1%

click_os
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	8
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	13.277603

Minimum	2
Maximum	20
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	2
Q1	2
median	17
Q3	17
95-th percentile	20
Maximum	20
Range	18
Interquartile range (IQR)	15

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	6.8817184
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.51829523
Kurtosis	-0.93175147
Mean	13.277603
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-0.95411713
Sum	39675882
Variance	47.358048
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=8)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17	1738138	58.2%
2	788699	26.4%
20	369586	12.4%
12	60096	2.0%
13	23711	0.8%
19	6384	0.2%
5	1513	0.1%
3	54	< 0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	788699	26.4%
3	54	< 0.1%
5	1513	0.1%
12	60096	2.0%
13	23711	0.8%
17	1738138	58.2%
19	6384	0.2%
20	369586	12.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20	369586	12.4%
19	6384	0.2%
17	1738138	58.2%
13	23711	0.8%
12	60096	2.0%
5	1513	0.1%
3	54	< 0.1%
2	788699	26.4%

click_country
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	11
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.357656

Minimum	1
Maximum	11
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	1
95-th percentile	1
Maximum	11
Range	10
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.725861
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.2712063
Kurtosis	21.55276
Mean	1.357656
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	4.8022523
Sum	4056922
Variance	2.9785961
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=11)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2852406	95.5%
10	61377	2.1%
11	29999	1.0%
8	9556	0.3%
6	7256	0.2%
9	6746	0.2%
2	6101	0.2%
3	4540	0.2%
5	3498	0.1%
4	3389	0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2852406	95.5%
2	6101	0.2%
3	4540	0.2%
4	3389	0.1%
5	3498	0.1%
6	7256	0.2%
7	3313	0.1%
8	9556	0.3%
9	6746	0.2%
10	61377	2.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11	29999	1.0%
10	61377	2.1%
9	6746	0.2%
8	9556	0.3%
7	3313	0.1%
6	7256	0.2%
5	3498	0.1%
4	3389	0.1%
3	4540	0.2%
2	6101	0.2%

click_region
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	28
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	18.313314

Minimum	1
Maximum	28
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	5
Q1	13
median	21
Q3	25
95-th percentile	27
Maximum	28
Range	27
Interquartile range (IQR)	12

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	7.0640064
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.38573064
Kurtosis	-0.97550782
Mean	18.313314
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	-0.54588002
Sum	54723498
Variance	49.900187
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=28)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
25	804985	26.9%
21	464230	15.5%
13	320957	10.7%
8	179339	6.0%
16	164884	5.5%
28	135793	4.5%
24	130537	4.4%
20	120884	4.0%
5	96979	3.2%
9	84693	2.8%
Other values (18)	484900	16.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	7110	0.2%
2	16728	0.6%
3	3997	0.1%
4	30265	1.0%
5	96979	3.2%
6	57254	1.9%
7	64062	2.1%
8	179339	6.0%
9	84693	2.8%
10	21995	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
28	135793	4.5%
27	18711	0.6%
26	18893	0.6%
25	804985	26.9%
24	130537	4.4%
23	43	< 0.1%
22	13101	0.4%
21	464230	15.5%
20	120884	4.0%
19	34092	1.1%

click_referrer_type
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	7
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.8389813

Minimum	1
Maximum	7
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	2
Q3	2
95-th percentile	5
Maximum	7
Range	6
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.1563557
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.62880232
Kurtosis	9.1175335
Mean	1.8389813
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	2.8399665
Sum	5495209
Variance	1.3371585
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=7)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1602601	53.6%
1	1194321	40.0%
5	80766	2.7%
7	69798	2.3%
6	20455	0.7%
4	19820	0.7%
3	420	< 0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1194321	40.0%
2	1602601	53.6%
3	420	< 0.1%
4	19820	0.7%
5	80766	2.7%
6	20455	0.7%
7	69798	2.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7	69798	2.3%
6	20455	0.7%
5	80766	2.7%
4	19820	0.7%
3	420	< 0.1%
2	1602601	53.6%
1	1194321	40.0%

article_id
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	46033
Distinct (%)	1.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	194922.65

Minimum	3
Maximum	364046
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3
5-th percentile	42223
Q1	124228
median	202381
Q3	277067
95-th percentile	336254
Maximum	364046
Range	364043
Interquartile range (IQR)	152839

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	90768.421
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4656638
Kurtosis	-0.9430459
Mean	194922.65
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	77632
Skewness	-0.12343654
Sum	5.8246416 × 10¹¹
Variance	8.2389063 × 10⁹
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
160974	37213	1.2%
272143	28943	1.0%
336221	23851	0.8%
234698	23499	0.8%
123909	23122	0.8%
336223	21855	0.7%
96210	21577	0.7%
162655	21062	0.7%
183176	20303	0.7%
168623	19526	0.7%
Other values (46023)	2747230	91.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	1	< 0.1%
27	1	< 0.1%
69	1	< 0.1%
81	2	< 0.1%
84	1	< 0.1%
94	2	< 0.1%
115	2	< 0.1%
125	1	< 0.1%
137	1	< 0.1%
139	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
364046	2	< 0.1%
364043	8	< 0.1%
364028	1	< 0.1%
364022	1	< 0.1%
364017	22	< 0.1%
364015	1	< 0.1%
364014	1	< 0.1%
364013	1	< 0.1%
364012	1	< 0.1%
364001	4	< 0.1%

category_id
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	316
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	305.93824

Minimum	1
Maximum	460
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	67
Q1	250
median	327
Q3	409
95-th percentile	437
Maximum	460
Range	459
Interquartile range (IQR)	159

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	113.08055
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.36961887
Kurtosis	0.10954235
Mean	305.93824
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	77
Skewness	-0.88776697
Sum	9.1419884 × 10⁸
Variance	12787.21
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
281	370843	12.4%
375	268257	9.0%
412	178894	6.0%
437	157085	5.3%
250	140454	4.7%
331	115901	3.9%
399	104464	3.5%
209	83750	2.8%
418	67119	2.2%
118	64216	2.1%
Other values (306)	1437198	48.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	6107	0.2%
2	3742	0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
4	2856	0.1%
6	9971	0.3%
7	19898	0.7%
9	15470	0.5%
11	2	< 0.1%
15	48	< 0.1%
16	135	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
460	12	< 0.1%
458	1230	< 0.1%
456	11	< 0.1%
455	11042	0.4%
454	102	< 0.1%
453	5	< 0.1%
451	2	< 0.1%
450	4830	0.2%
449	3	< 0.1%
448	4436	0.1%

created_at_ts
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	45785
Distinct (%)	1.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.5067506 × 10¹²

Minimum	1.1665728 × 10¹²
Maximum	1.510666 × 10¹²
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.1665728 × 10¹²
5-th percentile	1.5068604 × 10¹²
Q1	1.5070534 × 10¹²
median	1.5074034 × 10¹²
Q3	1.5077167 × 10¹²
95-th percentile	1.5081064 × 10¹²
Maximum	1.510666 × 10¹²
Range	3.4409321 × 10¹¹
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.63278 × 10⁸

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	7.068639 × 10⁹
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0046913131
Kurtosis	212.69382
Mean	1.5067506 × 10¹²
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.2015 × 10⁸
Skewness	-13.569876
Sum	4.5024436 × 10¹⁸
Variance	4.9965657 × 10¹⁹
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.506912747 × 10¹²	37213	1.2%
1.50696187 × 10¹²	28943	1.0%
1.507613161 × 10¹²	23851	0.8%
1.507618597 × 10¹²	23499	0.8%
1.507198955 × 10¹²	23122	0.8%
1.5075557 × 10¹²	21855	0.7%
1.507798791 × 10¹²	21577	0.7%
1.50694961 × 10¹²	21062	0.7%
1.507731529 × 10¹²	20303	0.7%
1.50714405 × 10¹²	19526	0.7%
Other values (45775)	2747230	91.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.1665728 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.173262501 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.187857895 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.211992068 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.265812331 × 10¹²	4	< 0.1%
1.268843758 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.269450239 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.270070507 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.270838375 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.271189174 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.510666014 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.510577019 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.510076775 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.510071471 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509949218 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509733244 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509720011 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509700988 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509693065 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%
1.509690207 × 10¹²	1	< 0.1%

publisher_id
Categorical

CONSTANT

Distinct	1
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

0	2988181

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	2988181
Distinct characters	1
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0
2nd row	0
3rd row	0
4th row	0
5th row	0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2988181	100.0%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2988181	100.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2988181	100.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(unknown)	2988181	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

(unknown)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2988181	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(unknown)	2988181	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

(unknown)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2988181	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(unknown)	2988181	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

(unknown)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2988181	100.0%

words_count
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	536
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	208.62834

Minimum	0
Maximum	6690
Zeros	65
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	22.8 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	136
Q1	173
median	198
Q3	232
95-th percentile	284
Maximum	6690
Range	6690
Interquartile range (IQR)	59

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	81.60152
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.39113344
Kurtosis	79.67854
Mean	208.62834
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	28
Skewness	6.5503772
Sum	6.2341924 × 10⁸
Variance	6658.8081
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
184	62994	2.1%
158	60457	2.0%
197	58150	1.9%
210	56408	1.9%
259	49572	1.7%
183	44730	1.5%
199	42994	1.4%
205	42918	1.4%
198	40228	1.3%
220	39454	1.3%
Other values (526)	2490276	83.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	65	< 0.1%
5	1	< 0.1%
7	11	< 0.1%
8	137	< 0.1%
10	559	< 0.1%
11	9	< 0.1%
12	19	< 0.1%
13	3	< 0.1%
14	1279	< 0.1%
15	5	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6690	1	< 0.1%
3808	7	< 0.1%
3082	5	< 0.1%
2899	1	< 0.1%
2743	4	< 0.1%
1764	8	< 0.1%
1676	2	< 0.1%
1635	3	< 0.1%
1626	2	< 0.1%
1606	1	< 0.1%

Auto

Heatmap
Table

	article_id	category_id	click_country	click_deviceGroup	click_environment	click_os	click_referrer_type	click_region	click_timestamp	created_at_ts	session_id	session_size	session_start	user_id	words_count
article_id	1.000	0.998	-0.009	0.028	0.063	-0.002	0.047	0.109	0.062	0.081	0.062	-0.021	0.062	-0.000	-0.122
category_id	0.998	1.000	-0.009	0.033	0.069	-0.002	0.048	0.109	0.066	0.085	0.066	-0.021	0.066	0.002	-0.125
click_country	-0.009	-0.009	1.000	0.050	0.047	0.080	0.021	0.365	-0.006	-0.003	-0.006	-0.012	-0.006	-0.034	0.014
click_deviceGroup	0.028	0.033	0.050	1.000	0.325	-0.321	0.053	0.046	0.025	0.037	0.028	-0.160	0.028	-0.043	0.006
click_environment	0.063	0.069	0.047	0.325	1.000	-0.001	-0.041	-0.031	-0.007	-0.010	-0.008	0.033	-0.008	0.022	0.002
click_os	-0.002	-0.002	0.080	-0.321	-0.001	1.000	-0.001	0.037	-0.020	-0.020	-0.021	0.070	-0.021	-0.027	0.005
click_referrer_type	0.047	0.048	0.021	0.053	-0.041	-0.001	1.000	0.030	-0.017	-0.030	-0.016	-0.313	-0.016	0.067	0.042
click_region	0.109	0.109	0.365	0.046	-0.031	0.037	0.030	1.000	0.001	0.003	0.001	-0.017	0.001	-0.024	-0.004
click_timestamp	0.062	0.066	-0.006	0.025	-0.007	-0.020	-0.017	0.001	1.000	0.945	0.999	0.008	0.999	0.252	-0.105
created_at_ts	0.081	0.085	-0.003	0.037	-0.010	-0.020	-0.030	0.003	0.945	1.000	0.944	-0.002	0.944	0.220	-0.089
session_id	0.062	0.066	-0.006	0.028	-0.008	-0.021	-0.016	0.001	0.999	0.944	1.000	0.002	1.000	0.253	-0.105
session_size	-0.021	-0.021	-0.012	-0.160	0.033	0.070	-0.313	-0.017	0.008	-0.002	0.002	1.000	0.002	-0.156	-0.040
session_start	0.062	0.066	-0.006	0.028	-0.008	-0.021	-0.016	0.001	0.999	0.944	1.000	0.002	1.000	0.253	-0.105
user_id	-0.000	0.002	-0.034	-0.043	0.022	-0.027	0.067	-0.024	0.252	0.220	0.253	-0.156	0.253	1.000	-0.044
words_count	-0.122	-0.125	0.014	0.006	0.002	0.005	0.042	-0.004	-0.105	-0.089	-0.105	-0.040	-0.105	-0.044	1.000

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows
Last rows

	user_id	session_id	session_start	session_size	click_timestamp	click_environment	click_deviceGroup	click_os	click_country	click_region	click_referrer_type	article_id	category_id	created_at_ts	words_count
0	125902	1507646181164436	1507646181000	3	1507646205390	4	1	17	1	25	1	300082	428	1507617911000	285
1	125902	1507646181164436	1507646181000	3	1507646240678	4	1	17	1	25	1	157339	281	1507567573000	184
2	125902	1507646181164436	1507646181000	3	1507646270678	4	1	17	1	25	1	314424	431	1507623205000	236
3	7237	1507646181834437	1507646181000	2	1507646316386	4	1	17	1	21	2	156964	281	1507627439000	135
4	7237	1507646181834437	1507646181000	2	1507646346386	4	1	17	1	21	2	64409	134	1507628685000	268
5	55575	1507646182160438	1507646182000	2	1507646183873	4	1	17	1	25	5	64409	134	1507628685000	268
6	55575	1507646182160438	1507646182000	2	1507646213873	4	1	17	1	25	5	235870	375	1507621324000	163
7	130739	1507646182240439	1507646182000	2	1507646946443	4	1	17	1	21	2	236338	375	1507631583000	182
8	130739	1507646182240439	1507646182000	2	1507646976443	4	1	17	1	21	2	336221	437	1507613161000	158
9	77669	1507646183723440	1507646183000	2	1507647445426	4	1	17	1	25	2	234698	375	1507618597000	183

	user_id	session_id	session_start	session_size	click_timestamp	click_environment	click_deviceGroup	click_os	click_country	click_region	click_referrer_type	article_id	category_id	created_at_ts	words_count
2988171	57183	1507264553147477	1507264553000	3	1507266716349	4	3	20	1	24	1	162016	281	1507244204000	261
2988172	57183	1507264553147477	1507264553000	3	1507267372434	4	3	20	1	24	1	298553	428	1507244119000	120
2988173	57183	1507264553147477	1507264553000	3	1507267402434	4	3	20	1	24	1	158509	281	1507184886000	265
2988174	69550	1507264564108478	1507264564000	2	1507264973646	4	3	2	1	21	1	276970	409	1507187255000	197
2988175	69550	1507264564108478	1507264564000	2	1507265003646	4	3	2	1	21	1	124177	250	1507242497000	161
2988176	86958	1507264564396479	1507264564000	3	1507264696437	4	3	2	10	28	1	254949	389	1507146388000	147
2988177	86958	1507264564396479	1507264564000	3	1507264771173	4	3	2	10	28	1	235804	375	1507203796000	257
2988178	86958	1507264564396479	1507264564000	3	1507264801173	4	3	2	10	28	1	236207	375	1507184502000	199
2988179	27806	1507264575276480	1507264575000	2	1507265072100	4	1	17	1	25	2	207797	331	1507236179000	258
2988180	27806	1507264575276480	1507264575000	2	1507265102100	4	1	17	1	25	2	161425	281	1507217340000	181

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Common Values (Plot)

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

(unknown)

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

(unknown)

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

(unknown)

Common Values

Length

Common Values (Plot)

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

(unknown)

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

(unknown)

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

(unknown)

Common Values

Length

Common Values (Plot)

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

(unknown)

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

(unknown)

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

(unknown)

Interactions

Correlations

Missing values

Sample